Metodologi Imam Syafii (767-820 M./150-204 H.) Mentafsirkan Ayat-Ayat Taharah: Analisis terhadap Penggunaan Hadis dalam Kitab al-Umm

Abstract

Imam al-Shāfi‘ī is an influential figure in Islamic jurisprudence. In his seminal work, al-Umm, he presents the interpretation of the Quran based on hadith as the primary foundation for jurisprudential discussion. This study aims to analyse al-Shāfi‘ī’s interpretation of the verses on Ṭahārah (purification) in al-Umm and explore the role of hadith in shaping his interpretations. Furthermore, this research challenges the views of those who advocate for a literalist adherence to the texts of the Quran and Sunnah over the following of an established madhhab (school of thought). The primary objective is to analyse al-Shāfi‘ī’s hadith-based interpretations of ṭahārah verses and to examine the presence and accuracy of these hadith in forming the al-Shāfi‘ī school’s legal methodology. This study employs a qualitative approach, focusing on the inductive method to collect and filter hadith related to ṭahārah from the primary source, al-Umm. Additionally, a descriptive method is applied to systematically explain al-Shāfi‘ī’s interpretations regarding the rulings and meanings of these hadith. The findings reveal that al-Umm contains interpretations of ṭahārah verses that employ the al-tafsīr bi al-ma’thūr (interpretation by tradition) method, despite al-Shāfi‘ī's extensive expertise in fiqh (jurisprudence). Several hadith used in these interpretations are ṣaḥīḥ (authentic) and accepted within the science of hadith. Meanwhile, certain controversial hadith are presented and interpreted through ijtihād (independent legal reasoning). These Sunnah based interpretations have formed the core foundations of the al-Shāfi‘ī’s school, particularly concerning the chapter of ṭahārah.