Rekonstruksi Penalaran Hukum Islam dalam Muhammadiyah: Studi tentang Manhaj Tarjih, Tajdid, dan Ijtihad Jama‘i
Abstract
This study examines Muhammadiyah’s Manhaj Tarjih as a methodological framework for reconstructing Islamic legal reasoning in Indonesia. The study aims to analyze its foundational perspective, legal sources, epistemological approaches, technical procedures, and institutional transformation in producing religious rulings. This study uses qualitative library research with descriptive-analytical methods. The data were collected from official Muhammadiyah documents, academic books, journal articles, theses, and relevant institutional publications. The findings show that Manhaj Tarjih places the Qur’an and al-Sunnah al-Maqbulah as the main normative sources, while ijma’, qiyas, maqashid al-shari‘ah, maslahah, opinions of jurists, and empirical realities function as supporting methodological instruments. Legal rulings are formulated through collective ijtihad that integrates bayani, burhani, and irfani approaches. This collective mechanism produces legal reasoning that is hierarchical, argumentative, integrative, and adaptive to social change. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated reading of Manhaj Tarjih as a theoretical and operational framework that connects tajdid, Islam Berkemajuan, legal sources, epistemology, and collective ijtihad. Thus, Manhaj Tarjih represents a modern model of Islamic legal reasoning that balances text, reason, spirituality, and public benefit. This model remains relevant for contemporary Islamic legal thought and Islamic education