Clinical Significance of Lipoprotein and Ceruloplasmin Variations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Owo, Nigeria
TL;DR
Ceruloplasmin was raised in T2DM, dyslipidemia, and lowered antioxidant capability were early markers that prompt intervention for oxidative stress and biochemical derangements in patients with T2DM.
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Ceruloplasmin (CP), the major oxidase and copper-binding protein, has recently been under investigation as an indicator of metabolic dysfunction. Increased CP levels cause oxidative stress and inflammation and thus promote numerous cardiovascular and renal complications. Determination of CP could serve as an early reliable biomarker for timely intervention in the holistic management of T2DM. The present study was designed to compare lipoprotein levels, CP, and oxidative stress markers between participants with diabetes and those without diabetes. Methods Fifty patients with T2DM were evaluated along with 30 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls visiting Federal Medical Centre, Owo. Standard enzymatic and ELISA techniques assessed biochemical parameters such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), CP, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status (TAS). Data were analyzed by SPSS Version 25. The independent t-test was then used to determine the difference between group means in the biochemical markers. Spearman's correlation was applied to establish relationships, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results The FBS, CP, TC, TG, HDL, VLDL, and MDA levels were all statistically significant in patients with T2DM, while TAS decreased remarkably (p<0.05). Obese participants showed exacerbated dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. Positive correlations were observed between CP and lipid parameters, while MDA negatively correlated with TAS. Conclusion Ceruloplasmin was raised in T2DM, dyslipidemia, and lowered antioxidant capability were early markers that prompt intervention for oxidative stress and biochemical derangements in patients with T2DM. In this regard, CP could potentially emerge as a novel marker to monitor the progression of complications in T2DM.