Solver Agent: an Agentic AI Framework for Theoretical Physics Computations Applied to F-theory Uplifts of O3-planes and S-folds

Abstract

We introduce Solver Agent, an AI framework based on large language models for calculations and proofs in mathematics and theoretical physics. The solution process is tracked through a persistent ledger that records assumptions, derivations, and computations. A central agent delegates tasks to specialized sub-agents, while independent agents verify both intermediate steps and the final result. This setup improves the traceability, reproducibility, and verification of computer-assisted calculations. Applying Solver Agent, we study global F-theory uplifts of Type IIB orientifolds and their S-fold generalizations. We establish sufficient conditions for Weierstrass models over projective threefolds with terminal $\mathbb{Z}_k$ quotient singularities ($k\in\{2,3,4,6\}$) to give $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial projective elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfolds with isolated Gorenstein terminal quotient singularities. These geometries realize O3-planes and S-folds, where local D3-brane probes of the latter yield four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=3$ superconformal field theories. Using stringy invariants, we derive fixed-point contributions to Hodge data and Euler characteristics, and show that these Euler corrections determine the localized D3-brane charges required for tadpole cancellation. We illustrate these results using toric hypersurface constructions, where a single three-dimensional polytope determines both the Type IIB Calabi-Yau threefold and the F-theory base; here, the orientifold double cover naturally forms a bisection of an alternative genus-one-fibered uplift with discrete $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge symmetry. Finally, we provide methods for toric computations and four-form flux analysis in four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ compactifications with non-abelian gauge sectors.