Aug 2026· Oncology Communications· 0 citations· 131 references
TL;DR
This review presents a systematic synthesis of the principal tumor immunotherapy strategies and their corresponding resistance mechanisms, finding that combination therapies and personalized treatment strategies grounded in TME profiling and biomarkers represent critical future directions.
Abstract
This review presents a systematic synthesis of the principal tumor immunotherapy strategies and their corresponding resistance mechanisms. Immunotherapies—including antibody-based therapies, adoptive cell therapies, immune modulators, and novel approaches such as oncolytic viruses and cancer vaccines—work by stimulating or enhancing the patient's immune system to target cancer cells. Nevertheless, they commonly encounter resistance in clinical applications. Resistance mechanisms predominantly stem from tumor-intrinsic factors and tumor microenvironment (TME) factors. To surmount resistance, combination therapies and personalized treatment strategies grounded in TME profiling and biomarkers represent critical future directions.
The findings support a precision immuno-oncology framework based on composite biomarkers, longitudinal monitoring, and adaptive treatment selection matched to dominant resistance mechanisms.
Ehsan Lotfi, F. Golab· Cancer Investigation· 0 citations
This review summarizes emerging therapeutic strategies for EOC, their mechanisms of action, and their potential to overcome treatment resistance, and covers molecularly targeted therapies, immunotherapies, metabolic and epigenetic approaches, cellular and gene therapies, targeted drug-delivery systems, and locoregional...
Zofia Pietrasik, Mikołaj Kapała, Joanna Pietrasik et al.· Cancers· 0 citations
Dr. Priya Hays discusses the mechanisms of treatment resistance in cancer, highlighting their significance for developing better treatment strategies and improving outcomes. When it was discovered in the clinic that both classes of therapies – targeted therapies and cancer immunotherapies – met with responders in t...
Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape across multiple malignancies; however, durable responses remain limited to a subset of patients due to the emergence of intrinsic and acquired resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that therapeutic immune pressure itself acts as a selective force that shap...
M. Anwer· International Immunopharmaco...· 0 citations
This review explains how cancer cells bypass standard therapies and highlights next-generation immune targets currently being developed to overcome resistance, and examines how combining new immune-boosting drugs with traditional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and novel targeted therapies can weaken cancer de...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced malignancies; however, their efficacy in solid tumors remains limited by therapy resistance. This resistance arises from the metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), a metabolic 'cage' where immune and...
Zhi Xu, Kequan Xu, Yi Ju et al.· Trends in Cancer· 0 citations
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