Patients’ Perception and Attitude Toward Artificial Intelligence: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare. However, its impact on the core of medical practice, the doctor-patient relationship, remains a subject of debate, particularly regarding patients' trust. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess patients’ perceptions of the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare and its impact on the doctor–patient relationship and participants’ trust, comfort, and concerns toward AI use. The study was carried out on 258 participants recruited from outpatient clinics at Mutah University Health Center and Al-Karak Hospital from December 2025 to March 2026. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27 and relationships were analyzed using non-parametric tests including the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: An overall of 258 participants were enrolled in the study, with the majority of them aged between 18 and 25 years, and a higher proportion of females (73.3%). 76.7% of the participants had university degrees. Students’ knowledge of AI varied significantly by age (p < 0.001) and occupation (p < 0.001) with younger students having higher proficiency. Education level was a significant predictor of attitudes toward the role of AI in enhancing the doctor-patient relationship (p = 0.038). Conclusion: Participants generally express optimism about AI's efficiency in healthcare, especially regarding time savings. However, comfort and trust in AI are significantly affected by factors such as gender and digital literacy.