Sono-Tribocatalytic Whole Tumor Cell Vaccine Enables Ultrasound-Controlled Immune Boosting for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity.

Abstract

Whole tumor cell vaccines are uniquely positioned for personalized immunotherapy by presenting the full repertoire of tumor-associated antigens to counter tumor heterogeneity, yet their translation is persistently hindered by poor immunogenicity and the requirement for multiple administrations. Herein, we introduce a sono-tribocatalytic vaccine platform by integrating MnVO3 nanosheets into tumor cells, enabling ultrasound-controlled immune boosting following a single vaccination. Upon a single subcutaneous injection, non‑invasive ultrasound irradiation triggers intense interfacial friction between the nanosheets and surrounding tissue fluids, driving efficient generation of reactive oxygen species via triboelectric charge transfer and concurrent release of metal ions that orchestrate metal‑immune crosstalk. This unique sono‑tribocatalytic process establishes a spatiotemporally remote control of localized inflammation to function as an on-demand "sono-booster." Mechanistically, this sono-booster reprograms the local immune microenvironment by amplifying oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling, thereby promoting dendritic cell maturation and antigen cross‑presentation to elicit antigen‑specific T cell responses. Remarkably, a single dose of this sono‑tribocatalytic vaccine achieves potent anti-tumor efficacy across multiple preclinical models. By enabling on‑demand, non‑invasive immune boosting from a single injection through a sono‑tribocatalytic mechanism, this vaccine platform establishes an externally controllable strategy for enhancing vaccine-induced immunity and offers a versatile framework for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.