Translators’ Gains and Pains in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic review of research published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in Arabic and English between 2022 and 2026 that investigated the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Copilot, and others, on translation and translation education among professional translators, translation students, and faculty members. The study used the PRISMA 2020 framework for systematic search, screening, and documentation, and employed a thematic analysis approach based on the model developed by Braun and Clarke. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to 24 initial records, the final analysis included 18 studies. The findings revealed that the most significant benefits of using generative AI tools included improved efficiency and productivity, reduced time to complete translation tasks, support for post-editing processes, improved certain translation quality indicators, and the promotion of self-directed learning and the development of professional competencies among translators and students. At the same time, the results identified several challenges, most notably terminological accuracy issues, difficulties handling cultural and idiomatic expressions and local dialects, risks associated with overreliance on intelligent systems, and ethical concerns involving privacy, transparency, and professional accountability. The review also showed that the impact of generative AI varies by text type, specialized domain, and the assessment tools used. In addition, it highlighted limited evidence available concerning the Arabic language, particularly in areas such as legal translation, idiomatic expressions, and local dialects. This study contributes an interpretive framework based on the concept of “Gains and Pains” to explain generative AI’s dual impact on translation and translation education. The findings conclude that generative AI does not fully replace human translators; rather, it serves as a supportive tool that reshapes translators’ professional roles toward reviewing, verifying, and evaluating outputs. Accordingly, the study recommends integrating generative AI tools into translator training programs within clear pedagogical and ethical frameworks. They should also include post-editing, critical thinking, and output-verification skills, and support further specialized applied research in the Arab context.