Multi-Agent Transactive Memory

Abstract

Decentralized deployment of LLM agents with diverse capabilities motivates infrastructure for knowledge sharing across heterogeneous agent populations. Just as search engines index human-generated artifacts for human problem solving, retrieval systems can organize agent-generated artifacts for reuse across agents, extending retrieval-augmented generation from human-authored documents to agent-generated ones. Agent trajectories in particular encode reusable procedural knowledge, yet are typically discarded after a single use or retained only by the producing agent, forcing newly instantiated agents to rediscover existing solutions. We propose Multi-Agent Transactive Memory (MATM), a framework for population-level storage and retrieval of agent trajectories, where producer agents contribute trajectories to a shared repository and consumer agents retrieve them to improve task execution. In interactive environments with long, procedurally rich trajectories (ALFWorld and WebArena), retrieving from MATM improves downstream task performance and reduces interaction steps without coordination or joint training, positioning MATM as a design pattern for population-level experience sharing in open agent ecosystems.