Jul 2026· Theory and Practice in Language Studies· Vol 16, pp. 2409-2420· 0 citations
Abstract
This study examined the incorporation of loanwords into the Ambai language, particularly from Indonesian and Dutch. The findings show that most borrowed words belong to the noun category, including terms related to household tools, clothing, food, and daily necessities. These loanwords have been fully integrated into Ambai speakers’ daily communication, with slight phonetic adaptations. However, the study also reveals that borrowed verbs are rare, indicating that while nouns are easily adopted, verbs may require more structural modifications to fit Ambai grammar. This research employs a descriptive analysis approach, focusing on spoken language data. The data were collected using elicitation, where researchers presented sentences in Papuan Malay to informants to identify borrowed lexical items. The findings highlight the dynamic nature of language contact and adaptation, demonstrating how the Ambai language integrates external influences while preserving its unique linguistic identity. Sentence examples illustrate how loanwords function within Ambai syntax, showing their phonetic and morphological adaptation while maintaining their original meanings. This study contributes to understanding language contact and borrowing, highlighting how Ambai speakers preserve their linguistic identity while incorporating external influences.
Nowadays, the increasing use of English words combined with Indonesian affixes in digital communication has given rise to a unique form of linguistic innovation that reflects the interaction between the local and global language. This research aims to analyze how Indonesian affixes influence the morphological structure and semantic meaning of English words which are used in digital communication. This research uses qualitative descriptive to analyze 45 lexical items found from Instagram and YouTube comment sections. The data selected from real online interactions containing English words attached to Indonesian affixes. Data were analyzed by following four stages, such as data reduction, classification, interpretation, and conclusion. The findings show that the Indonesian suffix -nya is the most frequently used representing 66.67% of the collected data, followed by the prefixes di-, ke-, nge-, ter-, se-, and the suffix -an. These affixes modify English words by adapting them to Indonesian grammatical structures while preserving or extending their meanings. Unlike previous studies that primarily examined English-Indonesian lexical borrowing through corpus data or magazine texts, this study contributes new insights by examining the morphological and semantic adaptation of English lexical items in spontaneous digital interactions on Instagram and YouTube. The research determines that Indonesian-English hybrid expressions showcase linguistic innovation, facilitate efficient digital interaction, and exemplify the active development of bilingual language usage in modern Indonesian online conversations.
This systematic review examines the linguistic and sociolinguistic characteristics of Philippine English (PhE) based on studies published from 2019 to 2026. Guided by research questions focusing on the phonological, lexical-semantic, and grammatical-syntactic features of PhE, as well as its sociolinguistic attitudes and functional roles in education, communication, and media, the study reviewed fifteen scholarly articles from credible academic databases and repositories. Findings reveal that PhE has developed into a legitimate and systematic variety of English shaped by local linguistic and cultural influences. Phonological studies identified recurring consonant substitutions, vowel mergers, and lectal variations influenced by regional and proficiency differences. Lexical-semantic features demonstrated linguistic creativity through borrowing, blending, clipping, compounding, and semantic shifts, particularly in digital communication contexts. Grammatical-syntactic analyses also revealed flexible subject–verb agreement, simplified tense marking, and localized sentence structures that reflect communicative adaptation rather than linguistic deficiency. Sociolinguistically, PhE is increasingly recognized as a marker of Filipino identity and communicative accessibility; however, native-speaker norms continue to dominate formal academic settings. The findings affirm that PhE is an evolving, rule-governed, and culturally grounded variety whose acceptance continues to expand across different social domains in the Philippines.
Patrick Carlos D. Famanily, Famanily Rosemaie A. Capili, Joseree Ann L. Ferrer et al.· Journal of Education, Social...· 0 citations
This study explores the intersection of linguistic form and social meaning within Arabic-English code-mixing in relation to the morphological patterns that arise in mixed speech and their association with prestige and modern identity. Based on naturally occurring spoken and digital data and questionnaires from educated Arabic-English speakers in Saudi Arabia, the analysis reveals that morphological adaptation strategies include the introduction of English lexical items into Arabic morphological patterns, affixal incorporation, and the creation of hybrid lexical forms, whose recurrent patterns provide evidence of systematic linguistic innovation, rather than mere borrowing. These morphological adaptations are analyzed through the lens of indexicality and social meaning (Silverstein, 2003; Eckert, 2008) that correlate language choice with social aspiration, education, and symbolic capital. The occurrence of English insertions in the data is often related to prestige, global orientation and identification with a modern lifestyle, although these meanings are contextually inferred, and Arabic morphology is used as a sign of authenticity and local identity. The study argues that morphological choices in code-mixing are socially motivated, and they serve as a site for negotiating status, identity, and belonging. By drawing on morphological and sociolinguistic approaches, this study illustrates how form and meaning converge to shape prestige meanings in contemporary Arabic-English speech.
W. Alshammari· World Journal of English Lan...· 0 citations
Language is the primary instrument for constructing and transmitting culture, values, and religious teachings, particularly the Arabic language. In the process of linguistic assimilation, Arabic loanwords undergo semantic changes. Therefore, this study examines Arabic loanwords in the Indonesian language as found in Surah Al-Baqarah verses 142–200. A qualitative approach is employed, utilizing a content analysis model. Data were collected through document analysis and linguistic examination of the text of Surah Al-Baqarah (verses 142–200). Data analysis is grounded in the Semantic Change Theory proposed by Stephen Ullmann. The findings reveal that there are 65 Arabic loanwords from the Qur’an that have undergone semantic changes in Indonesian. These changes fall into five categories: specialization (narrowing of meaning), generalization (broadening of meaning), pure borrowing, radical change, and a combination of narrowing and broadening. The main finding indicates that specialization is the most dominant type of semantic change, accounting for approximately 60% of the total data.
Febri Yansyah, Athya Inaya tullah, Nur Ilahifa· Ta limi | Journal of Arabic...· 0 citations
This study determines the status of English-origin nouns in otherwise Vietnamese discourse among bilingual speakers in Australia. It examines whether these nouns function as fully integrated loanwords, nonce borrowings, or instances of code-switching.
Taking a comparative variationist approach, this study compares patterns of syntactic integration across three points of comparison: Vietnamese nouns (VN), attested English-origin loanwords (LW) and English-origin single nouns (EN1) and multi-word constructions (EN2).
The study is based on a quantitative analysis of natural, spontaneous speech produced by nine bilingual speakers (five female, four male). The analysis compares patterns of post-nominal modification and quantifier and classifier usage across the points of comparison to disambiguate the status of English-origin nouns in Vietnamese discourse.
Findings reveal overall low levels of syntactic integration for EN1, suggesting that most of these items reflect nonce borrowing or code-switching rather than fully conventionalised forms. EN1 shows stronger integration into Vietnamese grammar, particularly in quantified contexts where classifier usage aligns with VN norms and in post-nominal possessives. EN2, however, exhibits minimal adaptation, retaining more English-like structures and showing no transparent patterns of code-switching, suggesting intermediary mixing strategies that blur the boundaries between borrowing and code-switching.
These findings contribute to language mixing theory by providing empirical evidence on the syntactic behaviour of English-origin nouns in otherwise Vietnamese discourse. The study also holds practical implications for heritage language maintenance by providing insights into how bilinguals manage grammar and vocabulary dynamically in multilingual settings.
This research provides a nuanced variationist analysis of English-origin nouns in Vietnamese discourse. It contributes to the study of mixing strategies between English and Vietnamese, an understudied language pair. Methodologically, this study adds to the growing body of studies that use quantitative and comparative methodology for identifying linguistic patterns.
Hoa Do, James A. Walker· International Journal of Bil...· 0 citations
Borrowing words from one language into another traces several changes in their original meanings. So, in morphological process of borrowing of words from source language of Arabic into target language of English, a constant change of meaning is observed. The present study used to explore semantic innovation of Arabic borrowed words into English language. It is a qualitative study and descriptive in nature. A sample of 100 English words having Arabic origin was collected. These English words with Arabic origin have been chosen from multiple online sources and books. The results show that during the process of borrowing from Arabic into English language the words undergo semantic processes of pejoration, amelioration, broadening, narrowing and metaphorical extension. Findings of the study make it clear that Arabic influence in English language fetched certain semantic drifts for the understanding of historical linguists, sociolinguists, students and teachers to examine Arabic lexical borrowings and their influence on other languages.
Bushra Khanum, Tehmina Shafique· Journal of Arts and Linguist...· 0 citations