Building Information Modelling-Enabled Data Integration and Visual Analytics for Facilities Management: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is increasingly positioned as a digital information environment for facilities management (FM), asset management and operation and maintenance (O&M) decision-making. Its operational value, however, remains constrained by fragmented information exchange, incomplete asset information, inconsistent requirements, limited facility manager involvement and weak integration between BIM and FM systems. This paper presents a bounded, corpus-based systematic literature review of 51 documents covering BIM-FM integration, asset information delivery, Industry 4.0 technologies, digital twins and visual analytics. The starting repository was pre-assembled rather than generated through a new bibliographic database search. To improve methodological transparency, the review applies explicit eligibility criteria, a consolidated Boolean verification string, a documented corpus-selection process and qualitative thematic synthesis. Four themes emerged: interoperability and information exchange; asset information quality, data requirements and early FM involvement; BIM convergence with Industry 4.0 technologies and digital twin-enabled FM; and visual analytics, systems-centric modelling and fault diagnosis. The synthesis also distinguishes the implementation emphasis reported in developed-country and developing-country contexts. The paper contributes a provisional, literature-derived seven-stage framework for BIM-enabled data integration and visual analytics in FM. The framework has not yet been validated through practitioner or expert assessment and is therefore presented as a testable conceptual proposition rather than an implementation-ready model. The findings are intended to support bounded theoretical synthesis and future empirical validation, not statistical generalisation across the entire BIM-FM domain.