Epidemiological characteristics of oncological diseases of the reproductive system in adults: a comparative analysis of the situation in Russia and the Moscow Region
Jun 2026· Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist· Vol 26, pp. 31· 0 citations· 11 references
TL;DR
A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system in adults in Russia and the Moscow region from 2011 to 2023 can serve as a basis for further planning and improving measures aimed at preventing reproductive system cancers.
Abstract
Objective. A comprehensive epidemiological analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms (MN) of the reproductive system in adults in Russia and the Moscow region over recent years. Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted using official state statistics from the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2023. The analysis included MN of the female (breast, vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, ovaries, placenta) and male (penis, prostate, testicles) reproductive systems. Incidence was analyzed over time and among different age and sex groups of the adult population (18 years and older). Results. Among the female population, over the 13-year period under review, the incidence of MN in the Russian Federation increased by 33.6% compared to the baseline. Breast cancer accounted for the largest proportion of cases, increasing from 53.1% to 57.0%. A comparison of the intensive incidence rates among the female population in the study areas revealed a trend toward a moderate increase. Among the male population, the incidence of cancer also increased by 50.1%, with the largest proportion of cases being prostate cancer; this rate increased from 94.0 to 96.7%. A moderate increase in the incidence of penile and prostate cancer was noted. For breast, vaginal, and prostate cancer, the highest average annual incidence rates were observed in the 70—79 age group; for vulvar and penile cancer, in the 80 and older age group; and for uterine and ovarian cancer, in the 60—69 age group. The highest average annual incidence rate for cervical cancer is in the 40—49 age group, while in the 30—39 age group, this rate is 26.4 per 100.000. Conclusion. When analyzing the incidence of reproductive system cancers, it is worth noting that, as with most cancers, there has been an increase in incidence rates over the past decade. This epidemiological analysis can serve as a basis for further planning and improving measures aimed at preventing reproductive system cancers both in the Moscow region and nationwide.
Introduction. The incidence of malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system organs is one of the indicators of women’s reproductive health – an important component of population reproduction.Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the overall incidence rates of malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system organs and mortality from them in women in the Russian Federation and the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass, as well as a graphical analysis of age-specific mortality rates from breast cancer, cervical cancer, uterine body cancer, and ovarian cancer were conducted. The contribution of mortality in certain age-related groups from cancer of the reproductive system organs of the leading locations to the differences in women’s life expectancy and the elimination reserves associated with its exclusion for increasing life expectancy was revealed.Results. In the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass, as in the Russian Federation as a whole, tumors of the female reproductive system are leading in the structure of firstly diagnosed malignant neoplasms and related mortality. The most common oncopathology in women is breast cancer, the incidence of which has increased by 37.5% over the past 10 years in the Kemerovo Region. Reproductive system diseases account for 32% of the causes of death in women from oncopathology of all locations. In Kuzbass, cervical cancer causes the greatest irreversible losses among 30–49 years women, and breast cancer among women aged of 50 years and older. The elimination reserve for increasing life expectancy for women in Kuzbass, associated with the excluding of mortality from breast cancer, is 0.31 years, cervical cancer – 0.20 years, ovarian cancer – 0.11 years, and endometrial cancer – 0.10 years.Limitations. This study is limited by the territories selected for comparison (the Russian Federation and the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass) and the current lack of availability of demographic data (age-specific mortality rates are available up to 2022, overall mortality rates from malignant neoplasms – up to 2023, overall incidence rates of malignant neoplasms – up to and including 2024).Conclusion. The obtained results are recommended for use in elaborating programs for the prevention and early detection of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system organs.Compliance with ethical standards. The study did not require the approval of a Bioethics Committee.Contribution: Baran O.I. – concept and design of the study, data analysis, writing the text; Babenko A.I. – concept and design of the study, editing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: May 14, 2026 / Revised: June 15, 2026 / Accepted: July 1, 2026 / Published: August 14, 2026
O. I. Baran, Anatoly I. Babenko· Hygiene and Sanitation· 0 citations
The study analyzes one-year and year-by-year mortality, the detailed localization and histological structure of gastric cancer (GC) based on the population-based cancer registry of the NorthWestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (PCR NWFD RF) in comparison with official state reporting, as well as the role of modern diagnostic approaches in improving survival rates. A systematic underestimation of one-year mortality in official Form No. 7 (40.0% in Russia and 42.7% in the NWFD RF, 2023) is demonstrated relative to the PCR NWFD RF data, where the verified rate was 54.2% (2020–2022). Over the entire observation period, one-year mortality according to the registry decreased from 62.6% to 54.2%; year-by-year mortality is gradually declining, yet even after 15 years only 7.7–24.3% of patients survive. The detailed localization structure of GC remains relatively stable; an almost twofold reduction in the proportion of unspecified localizations (C16.9 — from 41.2% to 22.3%) was observed. One-year observed survival for C16 reached 45.8%, and for cancer of the gastric body (C16.2) — 53.5%, which exceeds the European average. Despite a stable histological structure, the discipline of morphological verification improved substantially: the proportion of cases without histological confirmation fell from 23.3% (2000–2004) to 9.2% (2020–2022). It has been demonstrated that the modern multi-step diagnostic algorithm (esophagogastroduodenoscopy with NBI, CT, endoscopic ultrasound, laparoscopy) represents a key reserve for further improving one-year survival. An objective assessment of oncological care for GC requires the mandatory use of PCR data extracted no earlier than one year after the end of the reporting period. Calculations of year-by-year mortality, detailed localization and histological structure with assessment of observed survival, which are unique for Russia, are performed only in the NWFD RF. Improving the quality of primary registration and the widespread implementation of modern diagnostic and staging methods form the basis for reducing one-year mortality and increasing survival in patients with gastric cancer.
V. M. Merabishvili, A. Karachun, D. V. Nesterov et al.· Pharmacy Formulas· 0 citations
The study is devoted to analyzing the dynamics of one-year and five-year survival rates of gastric cancer (GC) patients in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia (NWFD RF) at the population level, taking into account age and sex characteristics, as well as comparing real survival rates with official statistics data. The study used the database of the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of the NWFD RF, containing 88,572 verified cases of GC for the period 2000–2022. Observed and relative survival were calculated using a modified Eurocare program. It was found that one-year observed survival of GC patients increased from 37.4% (2000–2004) to 45.8% (2020–2022), an increase of 22.5%. This indicator is higher in women (47.5%) than in men (44.5%). Five-year observed survival (calculated up to 2014) increased from 17.0% to 19.1%. Median survival reached 10.5 months in women and 9.3 months in men. In patients under 50 years of age, one-year survival was 56.3% versus 44.9% in patients aged 50 and older, which refutes the common belief about a more aggressive course of cancer in young people. A significant discrepancy was revealed between official data (Form No. 7) and actual indicators: the reported proportion of early stages (43.2% on average in the Russian Federation) is significantly overestimated, while the actual five-year survival for stage I does not exceed 70% (compared to the expected ≥90%). An improvement in the quality of morphological verification was noted: the proportion of cases without morphological confirmation decreased from 23.3% to 9.2%. In the histological structure, adenocarcinoma without further specification predominates (66.0%). Despite the positive dynamics of survival, the real effectiveness of gastric cancer treatment remains insufficient due to late diagnosis and distortion of reporting data. The necessity of integrating population-based cancer registries into official statistics is substantiated.
V. M. Merabishvili, A. Karachun, Alexey M. Belyaev et al.· Pharmacy Formulas· 0 citations
Reducing the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer requires comprehensive regional scientific approaches, including epidemiological, medico-demographic, hygienic, clinical, and molecular-genetic studies as the basis for integrated information for the elaboration and implementation of early diagnosis and prevention programs for oncological diseases.
N. Mikhailova, V. Kislitsyna, O. I. Baran et al.· Hygiene and Sanitation· 0 citations
Relevance.
The population of both the world and the Russian Federation is decreasing every year, including due to a decrease in the birth rate. The upcoming demographic "failure" will undoubtedly affect all aspects of people's lives. According to several studies, the overall decline in the birth rate is also caused by the high prevalence of infertility among both women and men.
Aim.
Conduct a descriptive epidemiological retrospective study of the incidence and prevalence of male and female infertility within the Russian Federation (RF) and its individual federal districts in 2011–2024.
Materials & Methods
. The study used data from the Form № 12 «Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the medical facility's service area» in 2011–2024, as well as data on the quantity of adult population from Rosstat's statistical bulletins «Population of the Russian Federation by Gender and Age» in 2011–2024. The study population consisted of men aged 18–59 and women aged 18–54. The calculation of the incidence and prevalence rate was made per 100,000 population.
Results.
The average annual values of the incidence and prevalence of male infertility in Russia were 34,0
0
/
0000
and 94,0
0
/
0000
. For female infertility, the values were 204,1
0
/
0000
and 657,0
0
/
0000
, which exceeded the incidence and prevalence of male infertility by 6,0 and 7,0 times, respectively. However, literature data suggests that male and female factors have an equal impact on infertility in couples. Among the Federal Districts, the highest average annual incidence and prevalence of male infertility were found in the Urals (94,4
0
/
0000
and 217,5
0
/
0000
) and the North Caucasus (68,5
0
/
0000
and 254,5
0
/
0000
) federal districts, the lowest in the South (14,0
0
/
0000
and 41,0
0
/
0000
) and the Far East federal districts (13,9
0
/
0000
and 43,2
0
/
0000
). The highest rates of female infertility were also recorded in the Ural Federal District (297,0
0
/
0000
and 924,2
0
/
0000
) and the North Caucasus Federal District (283,3
0
/
0000
and 1146,3
0
/
0000
), while the lowest rates were recorded in the Southern Federal District (155,6
0
/
0000
and 433,5
0
/
0000
) and the Central Federal District.
Conclusions.
The identified regional features indicate the need to improve approaches to comprehensive prevention of male and female infertility, taking into account demographic factors in different territories. Interdisciplinary cooperation as part of systematic efforts to reduce the burden of infertility should be a priority in the organization of reproductive care for the population.
V. M. Smirnov· Epidemiology and Vaccinal Pr...· 0 citations
Endometrial cancer ranks third among malignant neoplasms in women in Russia, following breast cancer and skin cancer; however, it ranks first among gynecologic malignancies.A steady rise in the incidence of uterine body cancer has been observed in recent decades, attributed to both the aging of the population and the accumulation of risk factors (such as obesity and hormonal disorders). In the structure of mortality from genital malignancies, endometrial cancer ranks second after ovarian cancer, highlighting the problem's significance not
only from a medical but also from a social perspective. While timely diagnosis at early stages allows for a favorable prognosis, the absence of standardized screening programs, comparable to cervical cytology screening, results in a significant proportion of cases being detected at advanced stages.
D. V. Dzilikhova, S. O. Buklova, T. S. Khutiev· Terapevt (General Physician)· 0 citations