Design and production of low-profile, easy-to-manufacture microstrip antennas operating in the low frequency range

Abstract

In this article, design, fabrication, and analysis of low profile, easy fabricated microstrip antennas operating in the 0-2.5 GHz frequency range were carried out. These antennas operate at frequencies of approximately 2.3-2.21-2.16 GHz. The antennas consist of three parts such as patch, substrate, and ground plate. Substrate consists of FR-4 (dielectric coefficient 4.3 and loss tangent 0.025). The other parts, patch and ground plate, are made of copper material (electrical conductivity 5.8e+0.7 S/m). To realize the design of these antennas, Computer Simulation Technique (CST) studio suite microwave software was preferred. The frequency was chosen in the range of 0-2.5 GHz. The antenna was manufactured in order to evaluate the results of the simulations. A portable Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) device was preferred to compare the simulation and fabrication results. The reflection coefficient parameter was considered to evaluate proposed antenna results. The simulation result showed this value to be -23 dB at 2.2576 GHz, while for production this value was found to be 2.1575 GHz and -22.71 dB. It was observed that the simulation and fabrication results were in compatible with each other.