Enhancing Knowledge Entity Relation Extraction in Abstracts and Full-text Content of Academic Articles Using Large Language Models

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of large pre-trained language models (LLMs) for knowledge entity relation extraction (KERE) from academic papers. Existing studies have examined individual types of LLM-based strategies and evaluated model performance using metrics such as precision and recall. To provide a broader evaluation, this study investigates multiple strategies, including closed-source LLM-based CoT prompting, LoRA-adapted open-source LLMs, LLM-enhanced small pre-trained language models (SLMs), and SLM-enhanced closed-source LLMs. In addition, this study introduces two strategies, namely SLM-enhanced open-source LLMs and closed-source LLM-enhanced open-source LLMs. These strategies are evaluated from multiple perspectives, including metrics, their ability to mitigate errors observed in SLMs, and potential directions for model optimization. This study manually constructs two annotated datasets in the NLP domain, covering Abstract and Full-Text datasets. Experimental results show that the LoRA-adapted T5 model achieves the highest macro F1 scores of 0.7408 and 0.7013 on the Abstract and Full-Text datasets, respectively. SLMs also benefit from LLM-generated entity descriptions under the LLM-enhanced SLM strategy. Error analysis further reveals that the effectiveness of LLM-based strategies in mitigating SLM errors varies across error types. Based on the identified limitations and error patterns of these strategies, several optimization directions are proposed. In addition, combining strategies with different error patterns further improves KERE performance.