Beyond Acid Suppression: Vonoprazan as a Multi-Target Modulator in Experimental Colitis from Oxidative Stress to Mitochondrial Rescue.

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC); as one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), arises from chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. In this study, we addressed the possible protective mechanisms of vonoprazan, as a potassium-competitive acid blocker, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-mediated UC. Therefore, male BALB-c mice administered oral vonoprazan (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) for 10 days and received drinking water containing 3% w/v DSS for 7 days from day 4. Vonoprazan exhibited a promising effect against UC by increasing mice body weight, colon length, and spleen weight, decreasing serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and the disease activity index (DAI), and alleviating colonic histopathological changes. Colonic tissue antioxidants increased significantly in vonoprazan-treated groups. Additionally, colonic tissue oxidative stress was significantly ameliorated in vonoprazan-treated mice. Furthermore, vonoprazan preserved the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier function and attenuated UC by decreasing the levels of immuno-inflammatory cells, inflammation-related proteins, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, elevating the tight junction proteins levels, and ameliorating mitochondrial energy metabolism. Taken together, vonoprazan protected against DSS-mediated UC in mice via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that maintained tight junction architecture.