Category
327 papers
Results indicate that targeted reactivation of BFL-1 and SQOR increases cell-death susceptibility in liver cancer cells, providing proof-of-concept for locus-specific epigenetic therapy in liver cancer.
This targeted modification markedly improved rice eating and cooking quality while maintaining the levels of total starch, total protein, and key agronomic traits.
The gene-edited mFD-PEVs reprogram redox homeostasis in NPCs, regulate ferroptosis, and promote intervertebral disc regeneration.
Post-training alignment is often shallow, eroding under fine-tuning. It remains untested as to whether constitutional midtraining interventions can produce durable alignment when cleanly isolated from post-training. We build a 394M-token constitutional corpus from Anthropic's Constitution and apply constitutional midtraining at 120B scale, where principled, values-based content is inserted into midtraining. A 2x2 design (curriculum ordering x deliberative reasoning) was used to produce four constitutionally midtrained conditions, plus a control, which were evaluated on self-generated and established benchmarks including alignment under pressure, value conflict resolution, blackmail, and emergent misalignment. All models were evaluated across three stages: post-midtraining, post-SFT, and post-benign fine-tuning. Constitutionally midtrained models outperformed the control on alignment generalization and durability, notably on blackmail: SFT instilled a blackmail propensity in all models, but constitutional midtraining blunted it, with the advantage surviving benign fine-tuning (-17.5pp). This durability did not extend to settings that required active resistance to in-context pressure or conflict, where the advantage attenuates after SFT. The presence of constitutional content at midtraining also mattered more than its structure, and constitutional midtraining incurred no capability cost, on average, at any stage (MMLU, ARC-Easy, piqa, GSM8K). A modest amount of constitutional content at midtraining could therefore yield broad, persistent alignment gains, offering a cheap, complementary addition to SFT-centered pipelines. Code, data, and models are available.
Reach audiences
Advertise in front of researchers, engineers, and readers.
It is demonstrated that local nucleosome sequence and structure profoundly influence Cas nuclease accessibility and specificity, with HIFIv1 emerging as the top-performing nuclease for nucleosomal targets, while evoSpCas9 excelled in exposed contexts.
Exposure to airborne nickel in the average daily dose, combined with the minor C-allele and CC-genotype of the VEGFA induces changes in indices of cell death and the immune profile in adults in the Far North (declining AnnexinV-FITC+7AAD– levels, growing levels of VEGF and IgE to nickel).
Perceived risks associated with food production are a major concern among European consumers and strongly influence debates on sustainable agricultural practices. In particular, the adoption of precision-bred (gene-edited) crops and the use of alternative pesticide strategies raise questions about consumer acceptance and regulatory alignment. This study examines consumer perceptions of precision-bred watermelon and different pesticide strategies, including conventional pesticides, organic-certified pesticides, and zero-residue pesticides, with the aim of assessing perceived risks and implications for sustainable agriculture in Europe. A discrete choice experiment was conducted with 1,218 consumers from Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The results show that between 22 and 27% of consumers across these countries reject precision-bred watermelon. Concerns related to gene editing and conventional pesticide use frequently overlap among consumers, indicating a broader sensitivity to production-related risks. However, conventional pesticides are generally perceived as riskier than precision breeding technologies. In addition, consumers show a stronger preference for zero-residue pesticides compared to organic-certified alternatives, suggesting that residue-related concerns play a key role in shaping preferences. Overall, acceptance levels of precision-bred crops are relatively similar across countries, despite differences in regulatory frameworks. The findings indicate relatively stronger consumer rejection of conventional pesticide use compared with alternative technological options, suggesting potential opportunities to expand the adoption of precision breeding technologies while addressing consumer risk perceptions and sustainability objectives. From a policy perspective, promoting zero-residue pesticide strategies and reconsidering regulatory approaches to gene editing, particularly within the European Union, may help align legislation with consumer preferences and sustainability goals. This study contributes novel empirical evidence to ongoing discussions on agricultural biotechnology, pesticide reduction, and sustainable food production in Europe.
Reducing the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer requires comprehensive regional scientific approaches, including epidemiological, medico-demographic, hygienic, clinical, and molecular-genetic studies as the basis for integrated information for the elaboration and implementation of early diagnosis and prevention programs for oncological diseases.
This narrative review critically evaluates emerging biotechnology- and artificial intelligence (AI)enhanced approaches for hyperlipidemia, emphasizing translational maturity, clinical applicability, and regulatory implications.
This work represents the first application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in B. correcta, and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rapid cold hardening adaptation in B. correcta and a potential molecular marker for monitoring cold tolerance in field populations which could guide the development of novel control strategies that target the RCH adaptation pathways.
An increase in formaldehyde concentration in the air is associated with a gain in breast cancer incidence, especially at the early stages, and it is advisable to strengthen formaldehyde monitoring, implement molecular epidemiological screening of these polymorphisms and active detection of breast cancer in genetically determined risk groups.
This protocol presents methods for fabricating and characterising two distinct verteporfin (VP)-integrated lipid nanoparticle formulations and demonstrates knockout of up to approximately 326 slow-muscle fibres per zebrafish embryo via light activation and significant tumour growth suppression via X-ray-triggered doxorubicin release.
Human-Computer Interaction and Visualization
A new algorithm learns to anticipate the unprecedented scenarios that critical infrastructure and global supply chains are least prepared for.
Generative AI
A new method for surgically removing training examples from a model reveals that as datasets grow, the link between what a model learns and what it produces dissolves.
In his latest book, Professor Eugene Fitzgerald examines the forces that turn breakthroughs into value — and why innovation resists simple formulas.
General Science
