Lipofection- and lentivirus-mediated protocols for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery in mouse-passaged primary human hepatocytes (mpPHH) are reported, a system that enables PHH expansion in liver-humanized mice and enables scalable genetic manipulation of mpPHH, opening new avenues for HBV research and liver disease modeling.
Ansgar F. Stenzel, Antonis Athanasiadis, Georgios Dangas et al.· bioRxiv· 0 citations
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, temperature extremes, heavy metals, and pesticide toxicity, severely impact plant growth and productivity, primarily through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolic imbalances. In the era of climate change and declining agricultural sustainability, the development of stress-resilient crops has become essential for ensuring global food and nutritional security. Millets, also known as ‘super grain’ or ‘miracle grain’ due to their nutritional value, are recognized for their inherent resilience and exhibit superior adaptability in arid and semi-arid ecosystems towards these abiotic stresses. It is due to their C4 photosynthetic efficiency, rapid life cycles, and deep root architecture. These cereals deploy integrated morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, including antioxidant defense systems, osmolyte accumulation, stress-responsive gene expression, and hormonal regulation to maintain homeostasis under stress. Despite these traits, millet improvement lags behind that of major cereals due to limited breeding efforts and underdeveloped molecular resources. This review focuses on recent advances in stress tolerance mechanisms, highlighting omics-driven insights, microbial and phytohormonal mitigation strategies, and exploring genome editing and modern breeding tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), for developing climate-resilient millet cultivars suitable for sustainable agriculture and future food security. The article explores the development of climate-resilient millet varieties by integrating molecular innovations into traditional agronomic practices, which will provide future benefits framework for developing new varieties. Overall, the article will deepen understanding of the molecular processes underlying stress responses and provide targeted solutions to enhance stress tolerance in millets.
Amandeep Singh, S. Kaushik, Manu Sharma et al.· Discover Plants· 0 citations
The exogenous addition of xylose as a signal to initiate genetic editing achieved the spatiotemporal regulation of the target gene-activating gene editing that restricts growth only after the completion of the strain's growth phase, and raised the total pigment yield.
Jiawen Du, Long-Xiang Liu, Jiawen Gao et al.· Bioresource Technology· 0 citations
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Findings provide direct functional evidence that szl regulates median caudal patterning in goldfish and suggest that szl-dependent modulation of the Chordin/BMP network can generate twin-tail-like caudal morphology.
Huijuan Li, Xiaoying Zhang, Xiaowen Wang et al.· International Journal of Mol...· 0 citations
Findings establish Cas7-11 as a precise and efficient RNA knockdown tool for functional studies in embryonic development and stem cell biology, providing a versatile alternative to DNA-based gene-editing approaches.
Huan Yan, Imtiaz Ul Hassan, Kai Yan et al.· Cell & Bioscience· 0 citations
This review elucidates the core mechanisms underpinning this dysfunction, including reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced redox imbalance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage accumulation, impaired mitophagy, and metabolic reprogramming, and critically examines how mitochondria act as signaling hubs for inter-organ crosstalk.
C. Han, Zilian Zhang, Yafeng Song· Gerontology· 0 citations
This work cloned the promoter of the housekeeping gene eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1α (EF1Α, AAEL017096) and confirmed its transcriptional activity, and truncated the U6 promoter, expanding the genetic toolkit for Ae.
Egyptian cotton, derived primarily from Gossypium barbadense L., has shaped the country’s agricultural economy and international reputation for nearly two centuries. Among these, the Giza varieties—renowned for their exceptional fiber length, fineness, and strength—have garnered global recognition and made substantial contributions to export revenues and rural livelihoods. This review systematically analyzes more than 120 scientific publications from the past 30 years. It synthesizes research advances in Egypt, focusing on germplasm resources, fiber anatomical characteristics, variety improvement, and the integration of molecular and biotechnological tools. Progress in molecular markers, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is highlighted for its role in dissecting traits related to fiber quality and stress tolerance. Experimental transformation studies and functional genomics have provided proof-of-concept for genes involved in insect resistance and fiber development. At the same time, genome editing—particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) systems—represents an emerging frontier for precise trait improvement in G. barbadense. Molecular markers have been used to assess genetic diversity within Egyptian cotton germplasm, enabling the development of unique varietal fingerprints and guiding breeding programs to improve yield, quality, and stress resilience. Techniques such as QTL mapping and GWAS facilitate the identification of genomic regions underlying key traits, thereby establishing a foundation for marker-assisted selection. Specific Egyptian varieties—including Giza 94 (a heat-tolerant variety), Giza 95 (a drought-tolerant variety), and Giza 90/Giza 97 (salinity-tolerant varieties)—have demonstrated measurable stress resilience in controlled and field trials. However, formal release designations for these traits remain lacking. Concurrently, functional genomics approaches have enabled the characterization of genes involved in fiber development in Egyptian cotton. Furthermore, biotechnological innovations—including experimental Bt-transformation and the emerging precision of CRISPR/Cas genome editing—offer promising pathways to introduce adaptive traits more efficiently.
Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed, Usama Abdel Hameid Abdel Razek, Junjuan Wang et al.· Journal of Cotton Research· 0 citations
A 3D-tumoroid model is established and Apelin (APLN), the ligand for APLNR, is identified as a basally upregulated angiogenic factor in NF2-deficient meningiomas, suggesting that APLN expression is regulated, at least in part, by mTORC1.
Srirupa Bhattacharyya, R. Beauchamp, V. Ramesh· Neuro-Oncology Advances· 0 citations
There is sufficient evidence indicating the benefits of AI in increasing the accuracy in diagnosis, objective craniofacial evaluation, and customized treatment plans, whereas computational therapy is still experimental, and future studies need to concentrate on multicenter data sharing, multimodal explainable AI, precision genomics, and translational framework.
Yash Srivastav, S. Verma, Kamini Prajapati et al.· Journal of Pharmaceutical Re...· 0 citations
Global agriculture faces a 2050 "perfect storm": rising temperatures, elevated CO2, and compound climate stresses – heatwaves, flash droughts, and floods – that cause non-linear yield losses. The Green revolution paradigm of maximizing yield potential (Yp) is no longer sufficient. We argue that the primary breeding target must shift decisively to yield stability (Ys): consistent performance across volatile and non-analog environments. Unlike prior trait-focused reviews that catalog physiological mechanisms without breeder-ready deployment tools, here we provide a breeder-ready roadmap of 20 keystone physiological traits, each with its genetic target, validated marker, donor germplasm, heritability, yield penalty, and deployment timeline. Traits such as SUB1A (submergence), HKT1;5 (salt exclusion), and DRO1 (deep rooting) are ready for immediate marker-assisted introgression. We highlight that the time and cost for modern breeding methods are reducing i.e., marker-assisted backcrossing (2–3 years; $1.50–$5.00 per marker), genomic selection (3–5 years; $15–$40 per sample), and speed breeding (reducing cycles by up to 60%). Critically, the regulatory landscape is diverging while the United States maintains a streamlined, notification-only process for transgene-free edits, the European Union has recently adopted a new framework (April 2026) that classifies gene-edited plants into two categories, aiming to reduce the historic $15M+ barrier for category-1 equivalents. This roadmap is distinctive in its direct translation of 100 physiological traits into 20 deployable keystone targets, with explicit genetic resources, cost timelines, and regulatory pathways, making it an actionable plan rather than a theoretical framework. We conclude with time-bound milestones: universal genotyping for all MAS-ready traits by 2030, harmonization of global regulatory pathways by 2035, and broad-scale genomic prediction deployment by 2040. The roadmap is not merely a beginning; it is an actionable plan for global food security.
M. A. Nawaz, K. Golokhvast· Integrative Plant Biotechnol...· 0 citations
A new method for surgically removing training examples from a model reveals that as datasets grow, the link between what a model learns and what it produces dissolves.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduAug 17, 2026
