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329 papers
A virus-like particle (VLP)-based toolkit that delivers diverse CRISPR editing modalities to human monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells with high efficiency while preserving viability and innate immune responsiveness is presented.
Genetic engineering (GE) and gene editing may endow traits to trees such as increased biomass and the production of novel biomaterials. Long-lived organisms such as trees might be subject to biotechnology-related risks that could be different than those of annual row crops. Those risks could be relevant to production in engineered plantations and beyond plantations to natural forests. Therefore, appropriate risk regulation is important to assure biosafety of commercialized engineered trees. In addition to gene flow via sexual reproduction, vegetative reproduction might play an additional role in environmental “exposure” risk relative to transgene dispersal in GE tree plantations. While vegetative reproduction is beneficial for preserving desired genetic traits during tree propagation, it may lead to proximal clonal spread in the field. Although the environmental risks associated with vegetative reproduction of GE trees are recognized in commercial forestry, there are few field-based environmental risk assessment (ERA) studies on dispersal risks of self-propagated GE trees. GE or gene editing of target genes involved in the vegetative propagation processes may be useful to mitigate environmental risks of clonal spread through vegetative reproduction. This review provides updates for recent field test results of GE and gene edited trees. Gene candidates related to vegetative reproduction including adventitious shooting (AS) and adventitious rooting (AR) are discussed herein as a means to mitigate unintended clonal spread from GE tree plantations.
Evidence on health-promoting properties, including lipid metabolism, glycemic control, muscle protein synthesis, and gut microbiota modulation, and gut microbiota modulation are summarized, supporting the potential of mycoprotein as a sustainable alternative protein source.
This review will discuss the general principles of myofibril assembly in the heart and cover new findings on myofibril maintenance and turnover.
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12 plastomes representing major Mentha species, hybrid taxa, and unresolved accessions are analyzed to characterize plastome structure, repeat composition, sequence divergence, phylogenetic relationships, and plastid RNA editing.
India relies on imports to meet nearly 70 % of its edible oil demand, underscoring an urgent need to improve domestic oilseed productivity. Rapeseed-mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Cosson), the second-largest oilseed crop in India, has experienced a yield plateau due to the exhaustion of genetic variability in conventionally bred varieties. Heterosis breeding through hybrid development offers the most promising strategy to break this stagnation, yet commercialisation remains critically dependent on efficient pollination control systems, primarily cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). A key challenge is the “biological penalty” imposed during CMS background conversion, wherein the combining ability and heterotic potential of superior genotypes may not remain intact, necessitating rigorous re-evaluation of converted lines. Public-sector brassica hybrids have largely failed to exceed the commercial heterosis threshold of 25–35 %. This review examines the fundamental requirements for hybrid development, the historical progression of breeding systems and the current status of major CMS systems (Ogura, Moricandia, Tournefortii and others) deployed in India, along with the challenges hindering adoption. The regulatory approval of the genetically engineered hybrid DMH-11-utilising the Barnase-Barstar system marks a significant milestone, offering stable and precise pollination control independent of alien cytoplasm constraints with a demonstrated 28–37 % yield advantage. Future strategies must focus on broadening the genetic base through alien introgression, developing defined heterotic pools and integrating genomic selection, gene editing and marker-assisted selection (MAS) with conventional breeding to achieve self-sufficiency in edible oil production.
By connecting stress biology with translational breeding, this review provides a framework for developing climate-resilient Brassica cultivars by synthesizing recent progress in abiotic stress tolerance from physiological, genetic, epigenetic, and multi-omics perspectives.
This study overcomes a key bottleneck in CRISPR/Cas delivery to small insect embryos, opening new avenues for rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective RNP delivery methods in insect embryos.
It is highlighted that future OA treatment may gradually shift from symptom-oriented management toward disease-modifying therapy based on the identification of immune endotypes, and further studies are required to validate the underlying molecular mechanisms, evaluate safety, and conduct clinical trials, thereby facilitating the clinical translation of immune reprogramming strategies for OA.
This review explores how isomiR generation, miRNA strand selection, arm switching, and epitranscriptomic regulation expand the functional diversity of miRNAs in gynecologic cancers.
Pure and hybrid DNA hydrogels are proposed as novel therapeutic platforms to restore the dynamic balance between bone resorption and formation, thereby enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating bone regeneration and remodeling under osteoporotic conditions.
A single uORF in KCNQ2 is identified that is highly repressive of protein translation and it is demonstrated that mutations disabling the uORF start codon enhance synthesis of encoded potassium channels and weaken ribosome engagement at the uORF.
Human-Computer Interaction and Visualization
A new algorithm learns to anticipate the unprecedented scenarios that critical infrastructure and global supply chains are least prepared for.
Generative AI
A new method for surgically removing training examples from a model reveals that as datasets grow, the link between what a model learns and what it produces dissolves.
In his latest book, Professor Eugene Fitzgerald examines the forces that turn breakthroughs into value — and why innovation resists simple formulas.
General Science
