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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

The Instruction Tax on Factual Recall: Base Models Can Beat Their Instruction-Tuned Counterparts

It is shown that the prompting methodology is as important as the model architecture: while the instruction-tuned model version achieves 0.5681 with its chat interface, the base model achieves 0.6836 when prompted using text completion, which decreases factual recall.

Christophe Khalil, Aya Mourad · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MAS-Guard: Unified Guardrails from Individual Agents to Multi-Agent LLM Systems

Agentic AI extends large language models (LLMs) from generating responses to planning and executing complex workflows, substantially expanding their utility while exposing applications to unsafe actions, information leakage, and adversarial manipulation. Multi-agent systems further expand these capabilities through spe...

Mohammad Kachuee, Phu Mon Htut, Sheng Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Beyond a Single Sentiment Score: Topical and Affective Dimensions of Emoji Meaning on Twitter

It is shown that emojis used in tightly clustered topical contexts also exhibit more polarised crowd-sourced sentiment, not less, and that topical coherence and affective dispersion are distinct dimensions of emoji meaning.

Rohan James, Ioannis Christofilogiannis, Yuuv Jauhari et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Temporal Evidence-Parameter Co-Alignment for LLM Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphs

Temporal Evidence-Parameter Co-Alignment (TEPCA), a framework for LLM reasoning over TKGs that aligns LLM reasoning with temporal knowledge at both the evidence and parameter levels, and enables LLMs to better capture fine-grained entity evolution and time-dependent relation semantics while preserving parameter efficie...

Jia-Pu Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Africa-Papers: A 10-Billion-Token Multi-Domain Academic Corpus for African Foundation Language Models

Large Language Models (LLMs) depend fundamentally on the diversity, depth, and factual rigor of their pre-training corpora. However, contemporary foundational pre-training datasets (such as The Pile, S2ORC, and Dolma) exhibit a severe structural omission: African scientific, medical, legal, and agricultural scholarship...

Mich-Seth Owusu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

BAIT: Can LLMs Find What Biases a Reader? A Benchmark for Cognitive Bias Triggers in News

It is suggested that the evaluated LLMs respond to surface cues rather than to the mechanisms that make a passage manipulative, which would suggest that the evaluated LLMs respond to surface cues rather than to the mechanisms that make a passage manipulative.

Yousra Fettach, T. De Bie · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Same Judgment, Different Yes: Measuring Multilingual Judgment Profiles in Language Models

Multilingual evaluations often score a model's opening yes or no, a token that also carries model and language answering conventions. We ask when different ways of eliciting and reading an answer recover the same judgment, and when they measure an answer habit. We collect 1.1 million replies from eight models in six la...

Haonan Huang, Yuwei Lu, Chengkun Cai · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

On-Policy Transition Distillation

A diagnostic study finds that stronger teacher--student agreement in intermediate transitions is associated with higher answer correctness within questions, with correct responses exhibiting lower mean transition KL across all measured intermediate layer pairs.

Run-Yang You, Yong-Qi Li, Tie-Zheng Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Polarity Blindness in LLM Safety: A Systematic Study of Negation, Antonym Substitution, and Adversarial Framing

It is found that polarity blindness affects most evaluated models, and the effect persists across typologically differing negation systems, suggesting that polarity blindness reflects a broader limitation in semantic robustness rather than a language- or grammar-specific failure.

Diego Miguel Lozano, Erik Derner, J. A. Pérez-Ortiz et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CollabSciReM: Aligning Language Models for Scientific Conversations via Science-Aware Reward Decomposition

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as research collaborators for hypothesis refinement, methodological planning, and technical analysis across multi-turn interactions. In this setting, a useful assistant must be accurate, methodologically justified, logically consistent, and token-efficient. Current ali...

Sasi Kiran Gaddipati, Gollam Rabby, S\"oren Auer · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SMART: Semantic Segment Mapping and Assessment of Recognition Transcripts with Contextual Rubrics

Word error rate (WER) assigns equal cost to lexical edits despite their different semantic consequences, while overall semantic scores cannot identify which individual errors alter the intended meaning. We formulate ASR semantic evaluation as context-aware, segment-level consequence assessment and propose Semantic Segm...

Xiaoyu Gu, Chencheng Wang, Fuyang Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Hearsay or Fact? How Framing and Elicitation Shape LLM Probability Updates

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as judgment assistants and as stand-in participants in psychology experiments, yet little is known about how much their probability estimates move in response to a single new piece of information. We pair premise-hypothesis items from $\delta$-SNLI with one strengthene...

An-Sheng Jhang · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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