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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Not To Interfere: Adapting Experts For Model Merging

Model merging has shown that multitask models can be created by directly combining the parameters of different models that are each specialized on tasks of interest. However, models trained independently on distinct tasks often exhibit interference that degrades the merged model's performance. To solve this problem, we...

Pratik Ramesh, George Stoica, Arun Iyer et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Language Models Struggle to Use Representations Learned In-Context

Though large language models (LLMs) have enabled great success across a wide variety of tasks, they still appear to fall short of one of the loftier goals of artificial intelligence research: creating an artificial system that can adapt its behavior to radically new contexts upon deployment. One important step towards...

Michael A. Lepori, Tal Linzen, Ann Yuan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AI Scientists for Building Virtual-Cell Models

Autonomous agents, from virtual laboratories to biological data-analysis agents and co-scientists, have begun to turn scientific goals into hypotheses. Whether they can go further and convert real, noisy and complex biological data into executable model hypotheses and architectures that encode testable assumptions rema...

Xiangru Tang, Jiapeng Chen, Daniel Shao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Towards Reliable Long-Context Reasoning: Detecting Unanswerable Questions via FactGuard

Despite the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-context tasks, their reliability in recognizing unanswerable questions remains a critical challenge. In information-seeking scenarios, models often suffer from overconfidence and hallucinations when evidence is missing or misleading. In this paper, we propose...

Qian-Wen Zhang, Biao Liu, Fang Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LLMR: Knowledge Distillation with a Large Language Model-Induced Reward

Large language models have become increasingly popular and demonstrated remarkable performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models are typically computationally expensive and difficult to be deployed in resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we propose LLMR, a novel know...

Dongheng Li, Yongchang Hao, Lili Mou · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Multi-Agent Transactive Memory

Decentralized deployment of LLM agents with diverse capabilities motivates infrastructure for knowledge sharing across heterogeneous agent populations. Just as search engines index human-generated artifacts for human problem solving, retrieval systems can organize agent-generated artifacts for reuse across agents, exte...

To Eun Kim, Xuhong He, Dishank Jain et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PREPING: Zero-Task Agent Memory Construction via Self-Practice

Agent memory is typically constructed either offline from curated demonstrations or online from post-deployment interactions. However, regardless of how it is built, an agent faces a cold-start gap when first introduced to a new environment without any task-specific experience available. In this paper, we study pre-tas...

Yumin Choi, Sangwoo Park, Minki Kang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Towards Better Aligned LLM Judges for Radiology Report Evaluation across Modalities and Anatomies

Current work on radiology report evaluation has focused primarily on LLM-based metrics for chest X-rays (CXR), leaving open whether such approaches remain robust across other modalities and anatomies, and which model and prompt configurations are best suited to serve as LLM judges. We present a comprehensive evaluation...

Federica Bologna, Jean-Philippe Corbeil, Matthew Wilkens et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Self-Orchestration in Decentralized Agent Swarms

The capabilities of an agent swarm depend on both its individual members and how they coordinate. Yet existing multi-agent systems often train agents within fixed orchestration structures, separating the learning of individual capabilities from the organization of collective behavior. We introduce market-based post-tra...

Guowei Xu, Zhenting Qi, Amani Kiruga et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Knowledge That Is Linear Before Fine-Tuning Generalizes After It

Not all facts a language model can recall support further learning equally well. We distinguish active facts, which support generalization beyond their own recall, from inert facts, which can be recalled but do not support such generalization in a given task. We study this distinction by constructing new relations from...

Faridoun Mehri, Hinrich Sch\"utze · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

AI Consilium: a Benchmark of LLM Clinical Multidisciplinary Second Opinions

Large language models (LLMs) can generate differential diagnoses for complex cases, but a useful second opinion must also be factually grounded, clinically coherent, actionable, and safe. We developed a multidimensional benchmark using 300 diagnostically resolved NEJM--MedQA cases: 110 for physician reference ratings a...

А. А. Боков, I. Panin, N. Nechaev et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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