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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

In the Guise of Correction: How Framing and Cultural Adaptation Erode LLM Safety on Real-World Criminal Cases

Existing safety benchmarks rely largely on synthetic prompts with loosely grounded taxonomies and offer little focused analysis of severe crime categories. We introduce GUISE, a benchmark of criminal-assistance scenarios sourced from real-world cases and organised under a taxonomy from the UNODC International Classific...

Mohsinul Kabir, Md. Tariquzzaman, Karam S. R. Elradie et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Reliable Knowledge Acquisition for Continual Learning Agents

As agents powered by foundation models move into open-ended environments, continual learning from experience becomes essential. For agents built on models with fixed parameters, this learning requires reusing prior task experience in context to improve performance and efficiency on future tasks. Existing memory and exp...

Yi-Xu Huang, Jia-Qi W. Ma · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Retrieved but Not Read: Understanding Why Search-Augmented LLMs Fail to Use Available Evidence

Web search allows LLMs to access up-to-date information, but it remains unclear why they sometimes produce outdated answers even when relevant evidence is available. To study this problem, we construct temporal facts whose values changed after the models' training cutoffs. We evaluate one proprietary model under deploy...

Owen Walters, Lihu Chen, Francesca Toni · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FIRM: Fisher-Informed Retention Merging for Federated LLM Unlearning

Federated LLM unlearning addresses targeted knowledge removal when forget and retain data remain distributed across private clients and are inaccessible to the server. The resulting locally trained adapters encode conflicting objectives, making their aggregation fundamentally different from conventional federated optim...

Reeyansh Shah, Maram Hasan, Subhasis Chaudhuri et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Human Interventions as Labels: Localizing, Steering, and (Sometimes) Editing the Computations Behind LLM Agent Failures

When an LLM agent misbehaves, a human steps in, and that intervention is usually discarded or replayed as training data. We treat it instead as a measurement: a label pointing at the internal computation that failed. We study it in a controlled agent environment, on one failure (asking a clarifying question when the re...

Cesare Zavattari, Alessandro Tommasi, Giuseppe Prencipe · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Rethinking the Role of Tool Graph Memory in Multi-Turn Tool Use

Large language model (LLM) agents solve complex tasks by calling external tools over multiple turns. Recent work has proposed tool graph memory, which stores past experience as tool transitions to guide subsequent selection. However, it remains unclear whether this component consistently improves agents'tool use or und...

Uiji Hwang, Richeng Xuan, Taeuk Kim · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

DialFork: Going Beyond Factuality to Evaluate Procedural Hallucination in Conversational Agents

Large language models (LLMs) deployed as conversational agents are increasingly expected to follow procedural logic. While factual hallucination has received extensive attention, a different failure mode has been overlooked: procedural hallucination, in which an agent produces individually fluent and factually plausibl...

Sergio Gastón Burdisso, Esaú Villatoro-Tello, Dairazalia Sánchez-Cortés et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can LLMs Tell Stories Out of Order? A Corpus and Benchmark for Nonlinear Narrative Generation

Every story has two orders: the order in which its events happen and the order in which they are told. A story is nonlinear when the two differ. We introduce a benchmark of 83 published works that measures whether language models can tell nonlinear stories. For each work, we annotate one list of events in both orders,...

Syed Rifat Raiyan, Md. Tariquzzaman, Md Farhan Ishmam et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

Trajectory-Level Speculation with Semantic Verification for Tool-Using Agents

SpecAgent is introduced, a collaboration protocol that turns the strong model from the author of each step into a reviewer of steps drafted by a weak model, suggesting that a strong model need not author every step of an agent: reviewing grounded drafts retains most of its quality while cutting both latency and memory...

Zi-Lin Wang, Yinhong Liu, Chao Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Conference Open access Oct 2026

ESG-Kor: A Korean Dataset for ESG-related Information Extraction and Practical Use Cases

With the expansion of pre-trained language model usage in recent years, the importance of datasets for performing tasks in specialized domains has significantly increased. Therefore, we have built a Korean dataset called ESG-Kor to automatically extract Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) information, which has...

Jaeyoung Lee, Geonyeong Son, Misuk Kim · 3 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

TRACER: Trajectory-Aware Tool Retrieval for LLM Agents

Modern agents select tools from registries, but exposing entire registries incurs high token costs and can impair selection as they grow. We present TRACER, a retrieval front-end that indexes observed tool-call sequences in a trie and ranks continuations using a learned blend of empirical and contextual priors. On a mi...

Tanish Kher, DK Sarvesh, Abedelkadir Asi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Behavioral Compositionality of Sparse Autoencoder Representations

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) represent model activations with sparse, linearly decoded features, but the downstream effects of those features need not compose additively. We introduce SAE Additivity Residuals (SAR), which measure the behavioral variation left unexplained above a chosen interaction order. Under independen...

Haotian Ma, Ziye Mei, Frederic Sala · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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