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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Does self-distillation improve reasoning?

Self-distillation is an emerging approach that trains a model to imitate its own predictions when conditioned on privileged information, such as correct answers or environmental feedback. Recent methods have reported better sample efficiency and generalization than reinforcement learning (RL), but it remains unclear wh...

J. Adhinarta, Raina Wu, Ashutosh Sharma et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Jev-ToM: Evaluating Theory of Mind in Typed Decision Models

Comparing five typed decision models and seven generative baselines on 11,117 English text questions from nine ToM benchmarks across six capability groups suggests that Jev could reduce the cost and waiting time of repeated ToM selection.

Ka-Po Chung, Chunkit Chan, Yuxuan Liu et al. · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking Projector Training in Multimodal LLMs

Multimodal LLMs are typically trained by first aligning a vision encoder with a language model via projector training on large image-caption datasets, followed by joint training of the full multimodal model. Despite its widespread use, the role of the projector training stage remains poorly understood. We find that (i)...

Fabian Gr\"oger, Na\"el Ouerghemi, Shuo Wen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

The Many Morals of AI: The cautionary bias of North American news narratives in global perspective

The stories told about artificial intelligence (AI) play a central role in shaping public understanding, policy debates, and expectations about technological change. News media are especially influential in this process. Using a cross-regional corpus of 12,924 English-language news articles about AI published since 202...

Andrew Piper, Edie Pearman · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Aligning Faithfulness for Theory-Scale Autoformalization

Autoformalization (AF) requires more than compilation: formal statements must preserve the meaning of their informal sources, a property known as faithfulness. An emerging frontier is the automated evaluation of this property, yet most existing methods operate at the statement level and produce whole-item verdicts, fai...

Yuming Feng, Tadd Mao, Dhruva Arekar et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Readout Scaling Shapes Sparse Feature Recovery

Readout scaling changes what a sparse autoencoder (SAE) learns, but the benefit of removing it depends on the data. We use readout-canonicalized decision-space (RC-DS) coordinates to remove singular-value gains while preserving retained decision information. At a fixed readout condition number, changing the generating...

Brain Xiao, Sarah Wilson · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agaram 2.5B: The First Tamil-First Language Model Trained from Scratch with Tool Calling. A Playbook for Under-Represented Languages

We trained Agaram 2.5B, a 2.5-billion-parameter Tamil-English language model, from scratch on about 50 billion tokens (58% Tamil, the rest English, math, code and parallel text) on one node of eight H100 GPUs in about six days, with a new tokenizer that, unlike our first model's, keeps line breaks. Supervised fine-tuni...

Ramchand Kumaresan, Madhusudhanan G, Kaushik Kezendirane · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Do Factuality Methods Make LLMs More Factual? Reproducibility and Fair Comparison

Large Language Models (LLMs) are aligned to human preferences, after pre-training and supervised fine-tuning steps. However, standard RL alignment steps such as RLHF do not focus on factuality of LLMs, hence they may generate non-factual information, which could result in unintended consequences. In response, a number...

Pratuat Amatya, Vinay Setty, V. Venktesh et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Not All Drift Is a Mechanism: Tracing Prompt Adaptation in LLMs

Prompt-based adaptation offers several ways to specialize a frozen language model, ranging from natural-language prompt optimization to learned continuous prompts. These methods are usually compared through downstream performance, although similar outputs need not arise from similar internal computations. We study how...

Mikhail Aleksandrov, Nail Bashirov, M. Ivanov et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

PRISM: Calibrating Black-Box Judges with Counterfactual Probes

Large language models are increasingly used as judges to reduce reliance on costly human evaluation, yet their scores can systematically disagree with human judgments. We ask whether responses to an explicitly imposed evaluative bias can help correct a judge's implicit scoring biases. We introduce PRISM (Probe-based Re...

Kakei Yamamoto, So Kuroki · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Lightweight but Linguistically Fair? Quantisation Robustness across Bavarian, German, and English

Post-training quantisation reduces the memory cost of large language models, but it remains unclear whether compression preserves language skills of regional varieties as reliably as their standard-language counterparts. We study this question for Bavarian, Standard German, and English using BAVGROUND, a multiple-choic...

Jophin John, Michael Hoffmann, Piroska Lendvai et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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