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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Lingdan-V2: Large language models for clinically grounded reasoning in traditional Chinese medicine

A TCM language model family comprising models with 4 billion, 8 billion, and 14 billion parameters is developed, demonstrating a scalable pathway from domain grounding and reasoning supervision to clinically oriented prescription decision support.

Rui Hua, Yu Wei, Zi-Cai Jin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Towards Merging-conditional Backdoor Unalignment against Large Language Models

Model merging has become widely adopted for enhancing the task-specific performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without additional training. While the specialized model from third-party platforms may undergo safety audits (e.g., backdoor detection), we reveal a novel and critical threat: One-sided Merging-Condition...

Yu-Kun Chen, Yi-Dou Chen, Yi-Ming Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AphaVoice: Text-to-Speech Model for Aphasia Patient Simulation

While language therapy is the primary treatment for post-stroke aphasia, limited clinical resources often restrict patient access to proper care. Addressing this gap requires reliable training simulations for medical professionals. However, current AI efforts focus almost exclusively on speech processing, leaving speec...

Al Varrel Putra Kusuma, Fernando Bello, Joshua Brown · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Scale, Drivers, and Limits of Representational Alignment Across Large Language Models

Comparing large language models can reveal shared representational structure and systematic differences between them. However, aggregate similarity measures can obscure how agreement varies across geometric scales and which linguistic properties support it. We introduce two complementary methods to resolve where models...

Jialin Wu, Meenakshi Khosla · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

RealityBench: Simulated Environments to Evaluate a Vision Language Model's Ability to Document Human Physical Work

Augmenting worker capabilities in the physical world through guidance has been a decades-long goal for AI agents. One key supporting capability is to understand what the worker is doing, seeing through the human's camera or smart glasses, and assist them in documentation. Despite advances in vision language models, the...

Andrew Perrault, Anmol Takiar, Dominik Winecki et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RUBATO: Decoupled Clocks Allow Full-Duplex Models to Think as Fast as They Can

Recent Speech Full-Duplex (FDX) models are capable of engaging in naturalistic conversation by listening and speaking at the same time. Building on this foundation, recent architectures introduce internal thinking streams to enhance their intelligence. To guarantee these streams process successfully in real time, exist...

Yi-Jen Shih, Puyuan Peng, Haohe Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agentic Data Engineering for LLMs: System Design and a Controlled Empirical Study

LLM data engineering requires iterative experimentation to determine how data selection, rewards, and curricula affect model learning, making it a natural setting for AI-for-AI (AI4AI) research. Can agents use experimental feedback to progressively improve strategies, and do the resulting strategies improve target-mode...

Ruomeng Ding, Qianli Shen, Zhaoyang Han et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learnable Low-Rank Polynomial Sketch for Effective Linear Attention

Softmax attention in Transformers suffers from quadratic complexity in sequence length, making it impractical for long-context applications. Linear attention alleviates this issue by replacing the exponential kernel with alternative functions that enable linear-time computation. Among existing linear attention approach...

Zongyue Qin, Haoran Deng, Jason Cong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Next-Concept Modeling: Fast, Parallel Coarse-to-Fine Text Generation

Diffusion language models (DLMs) offer parallel sampling for faster generation than autoregressive models, an increasingly important advantage as inference becomes a dominant computational workload. However, DLMs degrade quickly with fewer sampling steps, process the full sequence at every step, and require many passes...

Hermann Kumbong, Ishan S. Khare, Iddah Mlauzi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Is the Future Predictable? Modeling Future Predictability for Reliable Temporal Reasoning

Large language models (LLMs) remain unreliable when reasoning about the future. Existing models often overlook the difference among future states, committing to specific answers even when the queried facts are inherently volatile. To capture this challenge, we introduce ChronoRegime, a future-oriented temporal reasonin...

Yongyi Huang, Huaping Zhang, Wenyao Cui et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Contrastive Covariance Subspaces for Activation Steering

Activation steering controls large language model behavior by adding a direction to hidden activations during inference. For steering to work well, that direction must be a pure signal for the target concept: any confound entangled with it, such as an incidental topic or writing style, is injected into the residual str...

Alexandros Xenos, Manos Plitsis, N. Foteinopoulou et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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