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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Epistemic Constitutionalism Or: how to avoid coherence bias

Large language models increasingly function as artificial reasoners: they evaluate arguments, assign credibility, and express confidence. Yet their responses can leave the epistemic policies governing these evaluations implicit. This paper argues for an epistemic constitution for AI: explicit, contestable meta-norms re...

Michele Loi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Decoupling Exploration from Optimization in RLVR

Modern language models undergo reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) on top of already-trained checkpoints. A key promise of RLVR is the discovery of new reasoning strategies. In principle, a model can sample novel ideas absent from its prior training data. In practice, however, augmenting RLVR with str...

Saif Punjwani, Micah Goldblum · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

PHRBench: A Behavioral Evaluation of Post-Hallucination Reasoning in LLMs

PHRBench is introduced, a controlled benchmark for behaviorally structured PHR across four domains and 18 large language models, and it is found that properties of the hallucinated prompt contain substantial predictive signal for successful recovery, with a lightweight predictor achieving an AUROC of 0.847.

Ling-Hao Meng, Feng He, Xuan Yang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Training Parallel Speculative Draft Models by Directly Minimizing Expected Decoding Rounds

A theoretical framework for training and evaluating parallel and semi-autoregressive drafters by representing speculative decoding as a Markov reward process, which yields the Expected Decoding Rounds (EDR) objective, which weights local rejection costs by state occupancies and exactly equals the expected number of dec...

Yun-Xiao Zhao, Chang-Xiao Cai · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SemanticFold: Latent Sequence Compression SeparatesLanguage Modeling, Decodability, and Reasoning

We study whether latent sequence compression of prompt prefixes preserves the capabilities that large language models rely on during inference. We introduce SemanticFold, a compression scheme that folds prefix hidden states at learned boundaries, and evaluate it across five model scales: Qwen3-1.7B, Qwen3-8B, SmolLM2-1...

Ming-Yan Liu, Ming-Qiang Huang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

LLM Persuasion Is in the Eye of the Evaluation

Large language models (LLMs) have already been shown to match or exceed human experts in persuasion. While their persuasive capabilities hold promise for beneficial uses such as education and health communication, they can also be used to manipulate and misinform, making their evaluation a growing priority for develope...

Kamile Dementaviciute, Julija Vaitonyte, T. De Bie · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Conference Open access Oct 2026

From Prompts to Trees: Effective LLM-Guided Tree Generation for Few-Shot Tabular Classification

While Large Language Models (LLMs) possess rich world knowledge and impressive generalization capabilities, their direct application to tabular data classification is hindered by high inference costs and limited interpretability. In contrast, decision trees are fast and transparent but often underperform in low-data re...

Yue Qiu, Ze-Kang Du, Yi-Qun Diao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Beyond Outcome Rewards: Constructing and Assigning Retrieval Credit for Search Agents

Search agents enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to iteratively retrieve and use information for complex multi-hop questions. Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) offers a promising approach for post-training such agents, but its reliance on sparse, outcome-based supervision can make credit assignment...

Wenyu Huang, Xin-Yu Hou, P. Vougiouklis et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ExperienceIndex: Artifact-Grounded Memory

Knowledge-intensive tasks require answering many questions by reasoning about a shared corpus of artifacts (e.g., court cases, or scientific literature). As humans interact with these corpora, they naturally accumulate experiential knowledge about artifacts, enabling them to quickly identify the complete set of relevan...

Peter Baile Chen, Geoffrey X. Yu, Xinming Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Itgan at NADI 2026 shared task: Parameter-Efficient Whisper Adaptation for Robust, Mixed-Dialect and Code-Switched Arabic ASR

We describe the Itgan systems for the three ASR subtasks of NADI 2026, namely robust country-level ASR (1.1), mixed-dialect ASR (1.2), and Tunisian code-switched ASR (1.3). All three share one recipe, Whisper adapted with LoRA on consumer GPUs, and each was carried by a different addition to it. On 1.1, where the diale...

Ibrahim Almajai · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Constrained-Action AI Remediation for SIEM/XDR via a NeMo-Guardrails Proxy

Security Operations Centers (SOCs) for information technology and operational technology share one incident-response problem: a flood of correlated alerts and too few analysts. Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed as reasoning engines that triage alerts and, in autonomous deployments, issue commands t...

Georgios Koutidis, Nikolaos Kekatos, Tom Nianios et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Training Advisors for LLM Agents from Task Outcomes

Large language model agents tackle multi-step tasks by interleaving reasoning and tool calls with observations from the environment. Prior work has shown that natural-language feedback can help these agents revise their decisions during task execution. We introduce Caddie, a method for training critics to provide natur...

Sergei Polezhaev, Barys Liskavets, O. Press et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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