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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SEMA-Auto: Sighted and Efficient Multi-Turn Attack with Autonomy

Existing jailbreak attackers fall into two classes: static planners fix their single- or multi-turn adversarial plans in advance, remaining simple but losing sight of the victim's replies, wasting turns and limiting transferability; interactive generators read each victim reply to generate the next-turn attack but requ...

Mingqian Feng, Xiaodong Liu, Weiwei Yang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

From Self-Confidence to Statistical Accuracy: Scaling Human-in-the-Loop Evaluation with Direct and LLM-Assisted Auditing

For large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs), model-reported self-confidence is often miscalibrated, yet it may still be useful for efficient evaluation. At the same time, LLM-as-a-judge offers a scalable alternative to direct human auditing, but its practical benefit depends on calibra...

Harine Choi, Chen-Chen Kuai, Zi-Hao Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Not One Belief: Answer Payloads, Persistence, and Dissociated Confidence Signals in Conversational Question Answering

Conversational QA systems should fix errors when users push back and signal which answers to trust. We split each follow-up into its speech act (re-ask, agree, or challenge) and its payload (an answer string, correct or not), and measure four confidence signals on the same transcripts: verbalized confidence, length-nor...

Duc-Vinh Tran · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Adapting LLM-SC to Living Sacred Heritage: Domain-Specific Extraction, Semantic Networks and Human Evaluation on Pashupatinath Temple Reviews

Large language model (LLM) pipelines can turn visitor reviews into structured data, but generic schemes may miss rituals, sacred spaces, cultural restrictions and emotionally mixed experiences at living sacred heritage sites. We adapted the LLM-Social Computing (LLM-SC) framework to Pashupatinath Temple, Nepal, by spec...

Hari Sitaula, Manish Sakhakarmy, Pujan Pant et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Evaluating DeepSeek V4.1 Flash-1017 for loss of control and harmful manipulation risks

As frontier language models grow increasingly capable and autonomous, independent third-party evaluations are critical for characterizing their systemic safety risks. While closed-source releases are routinely accompanied by comprehensive system cards, open-weight models receive less scrutiny regarding frontier risks....

Yao Huang, Zhiyuan Zeng, Yu Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Improving JEV Entailment Reranking with Span Readouts and Selective Adaptation

JEV decision models pair a language model backbone with a lightweight scoring head to select among natural-language options. Direct selection compares candidate answers within one request, whereas entailment reranking evaluates each candidate in a separate natural language inference (NLI) request over fixed relation op...

Haocheng Mei, Yuchuan Tian, Ye Yuan et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Offline Language-Based Support System for Tactical Decision-Making in Air Combat Operations

An offline language-based support tool is presented to assist pilot training and tactical decision-making in air combat operations. The system, named MATE (Mission Assistant for Training and Evaluation), applies retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to answer natural language questions using content extracted from doctr...

Joao P. A. Dantas · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Hierarchical Skill Evolution for Coding Agent

Skills provide agents with reusable experience to guide future decisions without modifying the underlying model. However, coding trajectories are often entangled with task- and repository-specific contexts, making it challenging to distill procedural skills that generalize across diverse coding environments. To address...

Jun Gao, Yun Peng, Changhai Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Making Reasoning Visible: Configuration-Aware Diagnostic Modeling for Adaptive Scaffolding in Structured Reasoning Tasks

Modeling the latent, multi-step reasoning processes of learners is a core challenge for adaptive tutoring systems, which often rely on simple right/wrong answers rather than understanding how students think. Instantiated here for grammatical reasoning, this study introduces a diagnostic framework that makes students'st...

Trystan Geoffre, Zheng Yuan, Thierry Geoffre · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

EXCISE: Locating and Excising Distracting Sentences in Medical Question Answering

Language models are increasingly considered for clinical decision support, where their answers should be grounded in clinical evidence and remain robust to irrelevant information. Prior work shows that a single irrelevant sentence can lower the accuracy of medical models, but not where inside the model its effect can b...

Yerim Hong, Sohyun Son, Heeseung Chung et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LoopFold: Parallelizing Recurrent Depth in Looped Transformers

Looped Transformers increase computation per token by repeatedly applying a shared backbone, offering a way to improve language modeling and downstream task performance at a fixed backbone parameter count. However, each loop depends on the preceding loop, so increasing recurrent depth also increases decoding latency. E...

Feichen Song, Boyi Zeng, Yiqin Hao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

StateLoop: Persistent State for Looped Transformers

Looped Transformers offer a parameter-efficient approach to language modeling by repeatedly applying a shared backbone. Vanilla looped Transformers use each backbone output directly as the input to the next iteration. These outputs may contain information useful several iterations later, but retaining it across the loo...

Fei Song, Bo-Yi Zeng, He Li et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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