Chromatin-Assisted Targeting Enables Precise DNA Methylation Editing in Plants
TL;DR
SunTag-NOVA robustly installed DNA methylation and repressed transcription at the endogenous FWA, FT and TMM genes with minimal genome-wide off-target consequences, and establishes SunTag-NOVA as a specific epigenome-editing platform for plants.
Abstract
Precise installation of DNA methylation at selected loci offers a powerful strategy for regulating gene expression without altering DNA sequence, but existing plant epigenome editors are constrained by limited efficiency, locus dependence, and genome-wide off-target methylation. Here, we developed SunTag-MQ1v variants incorporating TRBIP1, which promotes removal of the antagonistic H3K4me3 mark, and CHLAMY, an oligomerizing alpha crystalline domain protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. TRBIP1 enhanced methylation and silencing at the Arabidopsis FWA promoter but caused widespread off-target methylation and severe developmental defects. Adding CHLAMY produced SunTag-CHLAMY-TRBIP1-MQ1v (designated as SunTag-NOVA), which successfully overcame the lethality and widespread off-target effects associated with direct TRBIP1-MQ1v fusions. We demonstrate that CHLAMY drives higher-order oligomerization of the editing complex, which enhances target specificity and mitigates off-target accumulation. SunTag-NOVA robustly installed DNA methylation and repressed transcription at the endogenous FWA, FT and TMM genes with minimal genome-wide off-target consequences. These results show that combining local chromatin modification with controlled effector assembly can improve targeted DNA methylation, and establish SunTag-NOVA as a specific epigenome-editing platform for plants.