Jul 2026· Mother Language· Vol 10, pp. 217-240· 0 citations
Abstract
Mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) is generally considered as an important means of achieving equitable learning, linguistic rights and cognitive development in multilingual societies. Even in Bangladesh, although the constitutionally guaranteed linguistic justice is unevenly and under-studied in Bangladesh. The paper conducts a systematic review of published empirical studies, policy documents, and program reports (between the year 2000 and 2024) based on the PRISMA requirements. Results indicate beneficial impact of the program on early literacy, classroom activity and retention especially among ethno linguistic minority students. Nevertheless, the little training of teachers, insufficiency of resources, poor policy implementation, and institutional co-ordination are limiting factors to progress. Large discrepancies continue to exist between the objectives of the policies and the classroom implementation, and additional studies and reformation are necessary.
Mother Language, 2026; 10(1): 217-240
Nepal is a multilingual country in which most of the languages of indigenous minority communities are on the brink of extinction. Against this backdrop, it attempted to explore the lived experiences of teachers, experts, and policy makers concerning the prospects of implementing Tamang as a mother tongue-based multilin...
P. B. Kadel, B. R. Joshi· Molung Educational Frontier· 0 citations
Early childhood education lays the foundation for lifelong learning by fostering essential competencies such as language acquisition, which is critical for cognitive, linguistic, and socio-emotional development. This study explores the constraints teachers face in implementing English language education in Early Childh...
The medium of instruction remains one of the most critical determinants of learners' cognitive development, literacy acquisition, and educational achievement, particularly within multilingual societies. In Nigeria, the National Policy on Education prescribes the use of the child's mother tongue or the language of the i...
Moses Gideon Odibah, Aderinsola Helen Adeyemi, Moses Valentina Ogu· International journal of ass...· 0 citations
In the Philippines, most children speak regional languages like Ilokano, Cebuano, and Hiligaynon as their first language (L1), but they have historically been schooled in English and Tagalog (i.e., Filipino). In 2012, the Department of Education (DepEd) institutionalized Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTBM...
The growing emphasis on 21st-century skills underscores the importance of multiliteracies for pre-service English language teachers in navigating diverse, digital, and multimodal classrooms. However, research on their perceived multiliteracies and associations with demographic factors remains limited. Thus, this study...
