Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of an Online Asynchronous Test of Gross Motor Development-3 Training for Kinesiology and Physical Education Students
2026· Journal of teaching in physical education· 0 citations· 33 references
TL;DR
Online asynchronous TGMD-3 training was feasible, acceptable, and a shorter training appears sufficient to improve scores, and both training groups significantly improved scoring accuracy.
Abstract
Purpose
:
The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) is used to assess fundamental motor skills in research settings. This pre–post experimental study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an online asynchronous training designed for university students to score the TGMD-3.
Method
:
Thirty students were randomized to a long training (five practice videos), short training (three videos), or control group. Participants completed pre- and posttests using standardized TGMD-3 videos and a posttraining survey. Training and assessments were delivered through Canvas®, a learning management system.
Results
:
Recruitment and retention exceeded 70%. Participants rated the training as clear, easy to use, and visually appealing. Both training groups significantly improved scoring accuracy (
p
< .01) with large effect sizes (Cohen’s
d
). The short training was as effective as the long training and less time intensive.
Discussion/Conclusion
:
Online asynchronous TGMD-3 training was feasible, acceptable, and a shorter training appears sufficient to improve scores.
AR-based table tennis learning was associated with meaningful improvements in conceptual and motor outcomes, supporting its potential as a complementary medium for university-level practical instruction.
Purpose
:
This study examined the effectiveness of three feedback methods—self-assessment, visual cue sheet, and delayed teacher feedback—for learning disc golf skills in an asynchronous online physical education environment.
Method
:
Forty-three university students were randomly assigned to one of the t...
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