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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

UMCR: Universal Medical Concept Recognition through Guideline Integration and Agentic Linking

Medical Concept Recognition is the task of extracting and grounding spans in medical text to entries in a standard ontology. Current methods are generally developed towards a single ontology and source text type (clinical notes, drug labels, etc.) The central challenge is therefore to build methods that adapt to any ta...

Fabrice Lamarche, Amal Zouaq · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

The Curse of Knowledge in Role-Playing Language Models

Role-playing language models speak as characters in games and agent simulations, where the system records what each character can hear, see and understand. We test whether characters respect these boundaries in 480 scenes, each with a counterfactual twin that changes only the hidden fact, so mentions of the twin's fact...

Xiao Zhang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Sampled Evidence to Radiology Reports: Objectives, Constraints, and Realization

Sampling multiple reports creates an inference problem: how should sampled evidence be converted into a final decision, and does a better structured decision yield a better report? We study these questions through a framework that separates the decision signal, scoring objective, and feasible decision set, followed by...

Kun Zhao, Haoteng Tang, Chenghua Lin et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Nufo: A Benchmark for Ewe Automatic Speech Recognition

This work consolidates, normalize, and partition existing Ewe speech resources into a standardized 174-hour Ewe ASR benchmark, the largest to date to the authors' knowledge, and releases the benchmark under the name Nufo, derived from the Ewe word for"talk", accompanied by models and evaluation resources, to facilitate...

Christ Kekeli Keli, Steve Sanogo, Patrice Sebastiano et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Welcome to the Age of Agent Ads: Using On-Policy Attacks to Steer Agentic Decisions

People increasingly delegate option-ranking tasks (e.g., shopping, job search, travel) to AI agents, which creates incentives to steer agentic decisions via "agent ads." To defend against such steering attacks, people count on models' alignment training and platforms' terms of service, and consequently the most effecti...

Tim R. Davidson, Marija \v{S}akota, Joshua Joseph et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

DuoDiscover: Scaling Autonomous Discovery Beyond the Evaluation Bottleneck

DuoDiscover enables autonomous optimization from software to chip architecture, and surpasses both AlphaEvolve-based ArchAgent v2 and the best human design, with 1.65 times the gain on a CPU microarchitecture optimization task with evaluations of up to 28 hours.

Shubham Agarwal, Akshat Gupta, M. Heddes et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ToolHACE: A Dataset for Detecting Hallucinations in Tool-Based LLM Responses

Tool-augmented language models ground their responses in external tool outputs, improving reliability beyond parametric knowledge alone. However, even when the correct tool is called and returns accurate information, models may still contradict such outputs, omit critical details, or generate unsupported claims. Existi...

Nikolay Ivanov, Sergey Pletenev, Elisei Rykov et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

UZHCL_for_the_win at Touche: Encoder Fine-Tuning, Synthetic Augmentation, and an Underpowered Encoder-LLM Comparison

Online discussions on platforms like Reddit are a productive testbed for fallacy detection: short texts, broad topical range, and the full inventory of informal fallacies. The Touche 2026 lab at CLEF formalises this as a shared task on a Reddit-derived corpus that combines fallacy detection with argument-scheme classif...

Psychias Stylianos · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AD4EDU: Benchmarking University Lecture Audio Description across Accessibility Standards, Metrics, and Learner Preferences

Audio description (AD) aims to enhance the accessibility of visual media for blind and low-vision (BLV) persons. However, in higher education, where slide-based lectures are a default mode of teaching, lecture AD remains largely underexplored. The main reason is that existing production guidelines, evaluation metrics,...

Psychias Stylianos, Gao Yingqiang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Model Bias: Cross-Entropy Based Rankings in Literary and Academic Texts Remain Stable across Small Language Models

While language models provide powerful mechanisms for evaluating textual predictability, it remains unclear whether the relative extents of LM surprisal remain stable across models. This study presents empirical evidence of the invariance of ranking based on cross-entropy related measures (e.g. mean, variance of each d...

Ankit Bhattacharjee, Indrasabarna Hari, Krityapriya Bhaumik et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Event Memory and Narrative Dynamics: A Large Language Model Framework for Multidimensional State Spaces

This study introduces a large language model framework for constructing event representations from narratives and modeling their structure and dynamics with excerpt-level traceability, providing an analytical basis for testing neural accounts of event segmentation and predictive organization during naturalistic recall.

Joshua Sariñana · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Lexical Redefinition Reveals Context-Sensitive Instruction Following

How do language models reconcile conflicting contextual evidence within a prompt? We study this question using lexical redefinition, where an explicit instruction specifies how a word should be interpreted and a subsequent sentence provides additional evidence through its usage. Across 870 word pairs, we find that lexi...

Roksana Goworek, Haim Dubossarsky · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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