protein folding

Phosphorylation and pocket-binding ligands rewire the coupled networks in multidomain protein condensate

Biomolecular condensates formed by multidomain proteins are increasingly linked to disease and are emerging targets for chemical modulation. Yet most molecular models emphasize intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), whereas many available ligands bind folded-domain pockets. How IDR modifications and folded-domain lig...

Exploring the Therapeutic Effect of Beetroot-Sweet Basil Pestils on Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia, a major public health challenge, is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Plant-based dietary interventions are being recognized as effective strategies for its prevention and management. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) possess antioxidant an...

Predicting cyanobacterial oxic diazotrophy and prioritizing candidate protein families beyond known Nif proteins

Background Diazotrophic cyanobacteria must reconcile oxygenic photosynthesis with the oxygen sensitivity of nitrogenase. Engineering studies have demonstrated nitrogenase activity in a non-diazotrophic cyanobacterium while highlighting the importance of accessory functions and oxygen management. Robust aerobic nitrogen...

Key Points to Consider When Studying RNA Remodeling by Proteins

Modular Cell-Free Extract Mixing Enables Soluble, Active Biomanufacturing of Difficult-to-Express and Aggregation-Prone Proteins

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a powerful platform for rapid protein prototyping and biomanufacturing, but expression of complex proteins remains limited by labor-intensive extract preparation as well as the inability of conventional Escherichia coli extracts to efficiently support disulfide bond formation and p...

Photo-Activatable RNA Switches for Optical Control of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis

Programmable RNA switches enable target-dependent regulation of cell-free protein synthesis. Here, we report a photo-activatable RNA switch using photocleavable Lock DNA (pcl-Lock) to enable optical control of in vitro translation. Synthesized by solid-phase methods, pcl-Lock incorporates a coumarin-based photocleava...

Protective Effects of Rosmarinic Acid Against Microplastic-Induced Oxidative Stress in RTgill-W1 Fish Gill Cell Culture: A Pharmacological In Vitro Study

Microplastic contamination has emerged as a significant environmental threat to aquatic ecosystems, contributing to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular toxicity in aquatic organisms. This study investigated the protective effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) against microplastic-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative s...

Toxin-mediated tRNATrp depletion drives Trp-codon-dependent reprogramming in Mycobacterium tuberculosis while selectively enriching the PDIM biosynthetic machinery

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) must adapt to host-imposed stresses that limit its growth and ability to establish an infection. One important immune-regulated host defense mechanism involves competition between host and pathogen for tryptophan (Trp). Although Mtb is a Trp prototroph capable of synthesizing its own Tr...

Serotype-independent inhibition of S. pneumoniae by SMiTE, a commensal-derived bacteriocin

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of disease despite widespread vaccination, highlighting the need for serotype-independent strategies. We recently identified commensal streptococci that produce bacteriocins with anti-pneumococcal activity. Here, we evaluate these bacteriocins as candidates for...

Large-scale prospective evaluation of co-folding across hundreds of Mac1–ligand complexes and three virtual screens

Abstract Accurate prediction of ligand-bound protein complexes and ranking them by affinity are central problems in drug discovery. While deep learning co-folding methods can help address these challenges, their evaluation has been hampered by the difficulties in assessing independence from training data and insufficie...

(GQR93) Buffered by speed, unmasked by stress: how a photosynthetic antenna hides mutational variation

Cryptic genetic variation—differences that do nothing in one environment and matter in another—is a central idea in evolutionary genetics, but it is rarely traced to a physical mechanism. We traceone in the Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) protein, the antenna that passes excitation energy to thereaction centre in green sulf...

AlphaFold3 and Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Reliable Monomer Prediction, Unpredictable Multimer Performance.

These findings establish AF3 as reliable for the prediction of monomer disorder but unpredictable for multimers, confirming that disorder prediction emerges from training data, not model design.