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L'intégration didactique des outils de l'intelligence artificielle générative dans l'enseignement secondaire et supérieur au Maroc : Enjeux, pratiques et modélisation systémique

Oct 2026 · African Scientific Journal
Artificial Intelligence in Education

Abstract

Résumé :Le présent article se propose d’examiner l'intégration didactique des technologies d'intelligence artificielle générative (IAG) au sein des établissements d'enseignement secondaire et supérieur au Maroc. Face à la mutation rapide des écosystèmes pédagogiques mondiaux et nationaux, force est de constater que l'émergence des agents conversationnels et des modèles linguistiques transforme profondément les processus d'enseignement-apprentissage, l'ingénierie des manuels scolaires et les modalités d'évaluation. S'appuyant sur un cadre théorique multidisciplinaire combinant la théorie socioconstructiviste, la théorie de la charge cognitive (Sweller) et les modèle TPACK (Mishra & Koehler), cet article formule un modèle didactique conceptuel d'ingénierie intégrée. À partir d'une méthodologie mixte combinant des observations empiriques, une analyse textuelle didactique et des enquêtes quantitatives auprès de 320 enseignants et étudiants de la région de l'Oriental, nous évaluons le niveau d'appropriation de l'IAG, la perception des compétences d'escorte pédagogique ainsi que les risques de fracture numérique et d'altération de la réflexivité. Les résultats révèlent une adhésion forte mais non structurée (74 % d'usage informel), marquée par une faible littératie IA critique et un manque d'alignement institutionnel. Nous proposons enfin des recommandations stratégiques axées sur l'éthique, la formation continue et l'innovation numérique pérenne. Mots-clés : Intelligence Artificielle Générative, Didactique, Innovation Pédagogique, Manuels Scolaires, Université Mohammed Premier, ingénierie de formation. Abstract:This prospective and analytical study examines the didactic integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) tools in secondary and higher education institutions in Morocco. In light of the rapid transformation of global and national educational ecosystems, the emergence of conversational agents and large language models is fundamentally altering teaching-learning processes, textbook engineering, and assessment frameworks. Grounded in a multidisciplinary theoretical framework combining socio-constructivist theory, Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller), and the TPACK model (Mishra & Koehler), this paper formulates a conceptual didactic model of integrated engineering. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that includes empirical observations, didactic textual analysis, and quantitative surveys among 320 educators and students in the Oriental region, we evaluate the level of GAI adoption, pedagogical scaffolding competencies, and the risks of digital divide and critical reflexivity decline. Findings indicate high yet unstructured adoption (74% informal usage), characterized by limited critical AI literacy and institutional misalignment. Strategic recommendations emphasizing ethical governance, continuous professional development, and sustainable digital innovation are provided. Keywords: Generative Artificial Intelligence, Didactics, Educational Innovation, Textbooks, Université Mohammed Premier, Training Engineering.

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